- 01 Introduction
- 02 Biology of DNA
- 03 Practical Issues Specific to DNA Evidence
- 04 Introduction to the Forensic DNA Laboratory
- 05 Assuring Quality in DNA Testing
- 06 Understanding a Forensic DNA Lab Report
- 07 Statistics and Population Genetics
- 08 Mitochondrial DNA & Y-STR Analysis
- 09 Forensic DNA Databases
- 10 Collection of DNA Evidence from Suspects and Arrestees
- 11 Pretrial DNA Evidence Issues
- 12 Victim Issues
- 13 Trial Presentation
- 14 Postconviction DNA Cases
- 15 Emerging Trends
Principles of Forensic DNA
for Officers of the Court
for Officers of the Court
Module 4 :: Intro To the Lab
Topic 1 :: History and Development of Forensic DNA Analysis
Iso-Enzyme and Protein Typing
First introduced into forensic applications in the 1970s, iso-enzyme and protein variant typing took the power of ABO grouping one step further. The typing of proteins and enzymes in biological evidence offered greater discriminating power, with some types occurring in less than 1% of the population.
Iso-enzyme testing encouraged forensic scientists to perform more work with less sample, allowing one sample to be tested for multiple enzyme types.
